Understanding and Preventing Tooth Decay

Tooth decay, also called dental caries or cavities, is one of the most common oral health problems, but it’s also largely preventable with the right care.

What Causes Tooth Decay?

• Tooth decay happens when acids produced by bacteria in your mouth break down the enamel, the hard outer layer of your teeth (Fejerskov & Kidd, 2008).
• These acids come from the bacteria feeding on sugars and starches left on your teeth after eating.
• If not treated early, decay can progress deeper into the tooth, causing pain and infection.

How to Prevent Tooth Decay

• Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque and strengthen enamel.
• Floss daily to clean between teeth where brushes can’t reach.
• Limit sugary and acidic foods — including sweets, sodas, and fruit juices — to reduce acid attacks on enamel.
• Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.
• Your dentist may recommend sealants or fluoride treatments to protect vulnerable teeth.

By understanding the causes and following simple care habits, you can protect your teeth from decay and enjoy a healthy smile.

References

• Fejerskov, O., & Kidd, E. (2008). Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Marsh, P. D. (2003). Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community — implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health, 3(Suppl 1), S14.